中國文學英譯絮談

沙楓

曹操的詩與英譯

“Chinese Literature”（《中國文學》）一九七五年三月號，刊登了曹操三首詩的英譯，并配以一篇聞軍寫的介紹曹操及其詩歌的文章。

現(xiàn)介紹兩首詩于后，第一首是《蒿里行》，原詩是：

關東有義士，興兵討群兇。
初期會盟津，乃心在咸陽。
軍合力不齊，躊躇而雁行。
勢利使人爭，嗣還自相戕。
淮南弟稱號，刻璽于北方。
鎧甲生蟣虱，萬姓以死亡。
白骨露于野，千里無雞鳴。
生民百遺一，念之斷人腸。

詩中的“白骨露於野，千里無雞鳴”這兩句，是常常被人引用的。這首詩的英譯如下：

East of the pass gallant knights,
Rise in arms to punish traitors.
First joining forces at Mengchin,
Their goal is Hsienyang.
But their allied armies are at odds,
Irresolute, they straggle like wild geese.
Bent on power and gain they fall out,
And are soon at each other's throats.
In Huainan one's brother has assumed the throne*,
And a seal is carved for monarch in the north.
Men long in arms grow lousy,
Countless those who have lost their lives.
White bones lie bleaching in the wildness,
For a thousand li not cock is heard to crow.
Of our people, only one in a hundred is left,
The thought of this breaks our hearts.

第二首是《步出夏門行?觀滄海》：

東臨碣石，以觀滄海。
水何澹澹，山島竦峙。
樹木叢生，百草豐茂。
秋風蕭瑟，洪波涌起。
日月之行，若出其中；
星漢燦爛，若出其里。
幸甚至哉，歌以詠志。

英譯如下：

Come east of Chiehshih Cliff
I gaze out across the ocean.
Its rolling waves
Studded with rocks and islets.
Dense the tree and bushes here,
Rank the undergrowth.
The autumn wind is soughing,
Huge billows are breaking.
Son and moon take their course,
As if risen from the sea.
The bright galaxy of stars
Seems sprung from the deep.
And so, with joy in my heart,
I hum this song.

*（編者注）原作遺漏此句，編者補譯。

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