中國(guó)文學(xué)英譯絮談
“一舞劍器動(dòng)四方”
中國(guó)武術(shù)代表團(tuán)在香港表演,有好些人借用杜甫的《觀公孫大娘弟子舞劍器行》的詩(shī)句,以形容劍術(shù)表演之優(yōu)美。
《舞劍器行》是這樣開頭的:
“昔有佳人公孫氏,
一舞劍器動(dòng)四方。”
“一舞劍器動(dòng)四方”,這是常常被人引用的一句。
另有兩句,也是常常被人引用的,就是:
“來(lái)如雷霆收震怒,
罷如江海凝清光?!?/p>
吳經(jīng)熊翻譯了這兩句如下:
In motion, it was like thunder and lightning boiling with intense anger,
At rest, it was like a calm ocean crystallized into serene light.
最近香港商務(wù)印書館重印艾黎(Alley)所譯的《杜甫詩(shī)選》英譯本,這兩句的英譯是這樣的:
......watching her
One could see thunder, lightning,
Storm, then quiet rays over a peaceful sea;.....
論氣勢(shì),艾黎的英譯是不及吳經(jīng)熊的了。
Bynner 的英譯則是這樣的:
She began like a thunderbolt, venting its anger,
And ended like the shining calm of rivers and the sea.....
“來(lái)如”譯作“began like”,“罷如”譯作“ended like”,又比吳譯忠實(shí)于原文。
Cooper 的譯文則是這樣:
She came on, the pent storm before it thunders;
And she ceased, the cold light off frozen rivers!
“來(lái)如”、“罷如”中的兩個(gè)“如”字,甚有氣勢(shì),未譯這兩個(gè)“如”字,譯來(lái)的氣勢(shì)就不及了。
“一舞劍器動(dòng)四方”,這一句,Cooper 的譯文是這樣的:
And her "Mime of the Sword" made the World marvel!
艾黎的英譯則是這樣:
......whose Sword Dance
Was loved by all,...
Bynner 的英譯則是:
Who, dancing with the dagger, drew from all four quarters.
Bynner 把“劍”譯作“dagger”(匕首、短劍),恐怕不是人們所敢茍同的。
至于“一舞劍器動(dòng)四方”的氣勢(shì),三種英譯之中,“made the World marvel”較有氣勢(shì),“l(fā)oved by all”太平淡,“drew from all four quarters”是直譯。
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