中國(guó)文學(xué)英譯絮談
昧于文法的誤譯
“卻看妻子愁何在?漫卷詩(shī)書喜欲狂”,杜甫這兩句詩(shī),本是不難懂的。
可是,把唐詩(shī)三百首全譯了的美國(guó)人 Bynner,卻把上引的一句詩(shī)譯錯(cuò)了。他把“卻看妻子愁何在”譯作“Where is my wife? Where are my sons? Yet crazily sure of finding them......”。
全詩(shī)是這樣的:
劍外忽傳收薊北,初聞涕淚滿衣裳。
卻看妻子愁何在?漫卷詩(shī)書喜欲狂。
白日放歌須縱酒,青春作伴好還鄉(xiāng)。
即從巴峽穿巫峽,便下襄陽(yáng)向洛陽(yáng)。
Bynner 的英譯是這樣的:
News at this far western station!
The north has been recaptured!
At first I cannot check the tears from pouring on my coat——
Where is wife?
Where are my sons?
Yet crazily sure of finding them, I packed my books and poems——
And loud my song and deep my drink,
On the green spring-day that starts me home.
Back from this mountain, past another mountain,
Up from the south, north again——to my own town!
張振玉在《譯學(xué)概論》一書中認(rèn)為這是昧于文法的誤譯:似將“愁”字作動(dòng)詞“憂慮”解,因而全句譯為“不必憂慮妻與子之失蹤不在,終必可尋得”之意。殊非有意。
茲將杜甫這首題為《聞官軍收河南河北》另一英譯介紹如下(譯者為 Pu Hsiang-hsing)*:
It is suddenly known that we have captured Chi-peh.
When I first heard it, I shed tears on my clothes.
I stare on my wife's face, and do not know where my sorrow is.
Then I gather up my poems and books in a wild pleasure.
We shall sing and drink wine,
W shall sing and return home together.
*(編者注)最后兩句英譯在文章中遺漏。
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