中國文學(xué)英譯絮談
“滿紙荒唐言”一詩四譯
《紅樓夢》第一回中,有這樣的一段:
“后因曹雪芹于悼紅軒中披閱十載,增刪五次,纂成目錄,分出章回,則題曰《金陵十二釵》。并題一絕?!创吮闶恰妒^記》的緣起。詩云:
滿紙荒唐言,一把辛酸淚!
都云作者癡,誰解其中味? ”
這一首詩,王際真在《紅樓夢》英譯本中,將之譯成如下:
Pages full of unlikely words,
Handfuls of hot, bitter tears.
They call the author a silly fool,
For they know not what he means.
翟氏父子(Chu Chai and Winberg Chai)在“A Treasury of Chinese Literature”(《學(xué)思文粹》)一書中,將這首詩譯成如下:
Pages full of fantastic words,
A handful of hot, bitter tears.
All call the author a silly fool,
But who knows what he really means?
是把王譯每行都稍為改動一下,有所改進(jìn):第一行把“unlikely”改為“fantastic”;第二行把“Handfuls”改為“A handful”;第三行把“They”改為“All”;第四行改成問句。
在新近出版的“”一書中,英人 Hawkes 將這首詩譯成如下:
Pages full of idle words
Penned with hot and bitter tears;
All men call the author fool,
None his secret message hears.
譯來另有一功,第二句和第四句與上述兩譯大異其趣,而且押韻。
楊憲益夫婦也譯了這首詩,見于魯迅的《中國小說史略》英譯本,譯文如下:
Pages of fantasy
Tears of despair,
An author mocked as mad,
None lays his meaning bare.
譯來簡短有力,四行一氣呵成,頗有譯成“滿紙荒唐一把淚,誰解其味都云癡”的味道。
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