中國文學(xué)英譯絮談
一個“膩”字不易譯
李賀寫了二百幾十首詩,《唐詩三百首》未選入一首?!肚Ъ以姟芬参催x入一首。
中華書局出版的《唐詩一百首》,選了李賀的詩三首:《南園》(七絕)、《昌谷北園新筍》(七絕)、《夢天》(七律)。
《南園》全詩如下:
花枝草蔓眼中開,小白長紅越女腮。
可憐日暮嫣香落,嫁與春風(fēng)不用媒。
此詩有英人 Frodsham 的英譯如下:
Budding branches, stems of flowers,
Blossom while I watch.
Touched with white and streaked with crimson——
Cheek of a girl from Yueh.
Sad to say, once dusk has come,
Their wanton fragrance falls.
They have eloped with the spring wind,
Without a go-between.
《昌谷北園新筍》全詩是:
斫取青光寫楚辭,膩香春粉黑離離。
無情有恒何人見?露壓煙啼千萬枝。
Frodsham 也有英譯如下:
I hack away at their green luster,
To inscribe my Songs of Chu.
Over perfumed oils and spring power,
The black ink flies.
Passionless, yet full of bitterness——
Who will ever gaze upon them?
Weighed down with dew, mourning in mist,
A million branches.
“無情有恨”,譯作“Passionless, yet full of bitterness”,譯得不錯。
在此詩中,“膩香春粉”中的“膩”字并不難譯。
但李賀有一句詩“玉釵落處無聲膩”,這個“膩”,就比較難譯了。這句出自李賀的《美人梳頭歌》,有 Frodsham,Graham 與柳無忌等人的英譯。
Frodsham 把這句譯作:
Noiseless the jade comb tumbles down
From her lustrous hair.
Graham 譯作:“Where the jade comb falls, luster and no sound”。
柳無忌譯作:“The jade comb slips silently into her glossy tresses”。
Frodsham 與柳無忌兩人解作發(fā)膩,Graham 解作釵膩,又均不直譯作“Greasy”,而譯作“Luster”或“Glossy”。柳無忌說翻譯這一個“膩”字,真像搜索枯腸的。
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