中國文學英譯絮談
《三國演義》的開頭與英譯
和《水滸傳》一樣,《三國演義》也是用一首詩詞開頭的。詞曰:
滾滾長江東逝水,
浪花淘盡英雄。
是非成敗轉(zhuǎn)頭空。
青山依舊在,幾度夕陽紅。
白發(fā)漁樵江渚上,
慣看秋月春風。
一壺濁酒喜相逢。
古今多少事,都付笑談中。
Brewitt-Taylor 翻譯了《三國演義》的厚厚兩冊,但卻沒有譯出這一首詞。
“話說天下大勢,分久必合,合久必分。這幾句《三國演義》第一回開頭的話,比諸全書開頭的上述的一首詞,是知者更多的?!?/p>
Brewitt-Taylor 把這幾句話譯成英文如下:
Empires wax and wane; states cleave asunder and coalesce.
接下去,就是:
“周末七國紛爭,并入于秦。及秦滅之后,楚漢紛爭,又并入于漢?!?/p>
Brewitt-Taylor 的英譯是這樣的:
When the rule of Chou weakened seven contending principalities sprang up, warring one with another till they settled down as Tsin; and when its destiny had been fulfilled, arose Chu and Han to contend for the mastery. And Han was the victor.
這本《三國演義》英譯本,是在一九二五年出版的。本港張亦文教授,認為這本英譯本有不少錯誤地方,因此決心另譯。他花了十多年時間,現(xiàn)已把《三國演義》全部譯好,并先出版了“火燒赤壁”那部分,據(jù)說全本亦將準備出版。
三國演義》開頭的一首詞,后來黃雯醫(yī)生將之譯成英文,錄于一九六零年出版的《古今詩詞選譯》。譯文如下:
Eastward to sea the Great Kiang waters foamed,
In flying flake our heroes passed away,
But twinkling void your "no" and "yes', your failure and success;
Yet stand of old the hillocks green——
How many sunsets red went by and days.
That gravy-haired fished lonely brooding there,
Spring breeze and autumn moon his common guest,
Give him a pot of home-brewed wine——
He'll soon make holiday!
Of present or past, more or less——
O throw to gossip and jest.
最后兩句,“古今多少事,都付笑談中”,黃雯醫(yī)生的英譯,簡而明。
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