中國文學英譯絮談

沙楓

王船山詩詞英譯

王船山的著作，在封建統(tǒng)治時代，流傳并不廣泛。有些書靠親友學生抄錄，才保存下來。他的詩詞等幾種作品，到乾隆時被列入必須全部銷毀的“禁書”，甚至個別著作的木刻板片，都被追出毀掉。到十九世紀中期，王船山的大部分著作才刊印出來。

王船山的詞，有 Birch 翻譯的三首，收入其所選譯的“Anthology of Chinese Literature Volume 2”（《中國文選第二集》）書內(nèi)，于一九七二年出版。

《清平樂?詠雨》原詞如下：

歸禽響暝，隔斷南枝徑。
不管垂楊珠淚迸，滴碎荷聲千頃。

隨波賺殺魚兒，浮萍乍滿清池。
誰信碧云深處，夕陽仍在天涯？

英譯如下：

Cries of homing birds fill the dusk,
The path to the south is curtained off.
Pearls, tears, burst from the weeping willows,
Sending their spatter across the lotus acres.

Rain-risen ripples tease the fish to distraction,
Invest the clear pool with a duckweed cover.
Hard to believe, where turquoise clouds are deepest,
The setting sun still rests on the horizon.

《玉樓春?白蓮》原詞如下：

娟娟片約涵秋影，地照銀塘光不定。
綠云冉冉粉初勻，玉露冷冷香自省。

荻花初起秋波冷，獨擁檀心窺曉鏡。
他時欲與問歸魂，水碧天空清夜永。

英譯如下：

Slender moon-silver plunged in autumn shadows,
Flickering reflection close on silver pool.
Freshly powdered against soft clouds of hair,
Dew sprinkled clear as jade, and a fragrance self-aware.

Against the wind from the reeds, and the cold of the autumn waves,
She guards her rust gold heart, with a glance in the mirror of dawn.
When the time comes we will ask where her spirit wanders,
Between green waters and cloudless skies in the long, pure night.

《蝶戀花?銅官戍火》原詞如下：

打鼓津頭知野戍，萬里歸舟，認得云中樹。
日落長沙天已暮，塞煙獵火中原路。

何處停橈深夜語？江黑云昏，莫向天涯去。
舊是杜陵飄泊處，登山臨水傷心句。

英譯如下：

Drumbeats announce our sailing to the customs guards,
This endless voyage home
Marked by remembered cloud high forests.
Sunset on Changsha, and in the swift dusk,
Hunters' torches light the shrouding mist through the central lands.

Where is this, that oars cease and voices mutter in the night?
The river black, clouds too thick
To sail on to the sky's edge.
Here long ago came the wandering Tu Fu
To climb a rise, Look down on the water and rhyme his grief.

最后一句，譯得很直。在第一首，“天涯”譯作“horizon”，第三首則是譯作“sky's edge”。

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